Alex university profile - Israel Molecular Medicine Portal

Alexander Levitzki, Ph.D Professor
Wolfson family professor of Biochemistry

Professor of Biochemistry
Unit of Cellular Signaling
Department of Biological Chemistry
The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Jerusalem 91904, Israel
Phone 972 2 6585 404
Fax 972 2 6512 958
Email: alex.levitzki@mail.huji.ac.il

Curriculum Vita

Scientific Biography

Publications

Research

The Levitzki Lab

Milestones

Curriculum Vita

Scientific Biography

Publications

Research

The Levitzki Lab

Milestones

1963	M.Sc. in Chemistry and Bacteriology (Biochemistry Major) Summa cum Laude, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
1968	Ph.D. in Chemistry (Biochemistry and Biophysics) Summa cum Laude, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel and The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
1968-1971	Post-doctoral Fellow, Department of Biochemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, with Professor D. E. Koshland, Jr.

The Weizmann Institute of Science
1970	Senior Scientist, Department of Biophysics.
1974-1976	Associate Professor (tenure).
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
1974	Associate Professor.
1976	Professor.
Foreign Appointments
1974	Visiting Professor of Chemistry and Research Associate, Institute of Molecular Biology, The University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon.
1974	Visiting Professor of Biochemistry, University of California at Berkeley.
1979-1980	Visiting Scientist, The National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
1984-1985	Fogarty Scholar-in-Residence, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
1993-1994	Visiting Scholar, Stanford University, Stanford, California
2001-2003	Visiting Professor, Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco

1968-1971	Fulbright-Hayes Fellowship.
1975	Bi-Annual Shlomo Hestrin Prize of the Israel Biochemical Society.
1978	Elected as a member of EMBO (European Molecular Biology Organization).
1982	Fogarty Scholar-in-Residence Award.
1983	Bronze Medal for Biochemistry, Free University of Brussels.
1985	Chair, Wolfson Professor of Biochemistry, Hebrew University.
1985	Honorary Member of the American Society of Biological Chemists.
1990	The Israel Prize in Biochemistry.
1990	The Rothschild Prize in Biology.
1991	FEBS Lectureship Award.
1998	Schender Prize for Pharmacology and Drug Research.
1998	Lichtenstein Memorial Lecture.
1998-2001	Director, The Institute for Advanced Studies, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
1999	Member, Israel Academy of Sciences.
1999	Vice-President, The Federation of Israeli Societies of Experimental Biology.
2002-2005	President, The Federation of Israeli Societies of Experimental Biology.
2002	Hamilton-Fairley Award, European Society of Medical Oncology.
2003	Medal of the University, University of Helsinki.
2003	Al Wolf Lectureship (IRSC), Australia.
2004	Chairman, The Division of Natural Sciences at the Israel Academy of Sciences.
2005	The Wolf Prize for Medicine.
2005	John H Blaffer Endowed Professorship University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
2006	Honorary Scholar, Tel-Hai Academic College, Tel Hai, Israel.
2006	The Jacqueline Seroussi Memorial Foundation for Cancer Research Award, Tel-Aviv,Israel
2006	Prostate Cancer Foundation Research Award 2006
2006	Doctor Honoris Causa , Ben-Gurion University
2007	Member of the Board of Governors, Israel Cancer Association
2007	Prostate Cancer Foundation Research Award 2007
2008	Visiting Miller Research Professor, Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California at Berkeley.
2008	Paul Ehrlich Magic Bullet Lifetime Achievement Award in Oncology, 100th anniversary Paul Ehrlich meeting, Nuremberg, Germany ,
2010	Member, Academia Europea.
2011	Karl Friedrich Bonhoeffer Lecture, Max Plank Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goettingen
2012	The Nauta Award in Pharmacochemistry, The European Federation of Medicinal Chemistry (EFMC).
2013	Seventh Annual American Association for Cancer Research ,AACR, Award for Outstanding Achievement in Chemistry in Cancer Research.
2014	Ilse & Helmut Wachter-award in Medical Sciences, Innsbruck, Austria

1975-1981	European Journal of Biochemistry, Belgium.
1982-1985	Molecular Physiology, Belgium.
1982-1994	Journal of Cyclic Nucleotide Research, USA.
1987-	Cellular Signalling (Associate Editor), UK.
1987-1991	Current Topics in Cellular Regulation (Editor), USA.
1991-	Pharmacology (Switzerland).
1993-1996	Science, U.S.A.
1995-2002	Anti-cancer Drug Design
1998-2001	Molecular Biology Research Communications.
2000	European Journal of Chemical Biology (ChemBiochem).
2002	Oncology Research, USA.
2003	Journal of Biological Chemistry, U.S.A
2006	Current Signal Transduction Therapy, U.S.A.

1982-1986	Biotechnology Research Consultants (BRC), Tel-Aviv, Senior Consultant.
1984-1988	International Diagnostic Laboratories (IDL), Jerusalem. Consultant and Member of the Board of Directors.
1987-1992	Rorer Biotechnology, King of Prussia, PA, USA, Senior Consultant.
1987-1991	Eldan-Tech, Consultant.
1993-1997	SUGEN, Inc., Redwood City, California, USA, SAB member
1993-1994	Vice President Research, SUGEN, Inc.
1995	EMBO Committee member, reviewing Biochemistry in Austria.
1997-2003	Chief scientific Advisor and member of SAB, Peptor, Ltd.
2000	Co-founder, TK Signal, Israel.
2001	Founder, Algen Biopharmaceuticals, Israel and USA. Visit online at: http://www.algen.co.il
2001	Co-founder, UnResto (PDGFR kinase inhibitors for Restenosis).
2002-2005	ProteoLogics, Rehovot Israel, member of SAB.
2005	Founder, NovoTyr Pharmaceuticals.
2008 – 2012	Member of the Scientific Advisory Board, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
2015	Member SAB, Predictive Therapeutics, Inc.
2015	Member of the SAB, Protalix BioTherapeutics , Inc.
2016	Co-Founder, TargImmune Therapeutics AG, Basel, Switzerland

Molecular Medicine Israel

Alexander Levitzki, Ph.D Professor
Wolfson family professor of Biochemistry

The Weizmann Institute of Science

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Foreign Appointments

Work on signal transduction of G protein coupled adenylyl cyclase and adrenoceptors

Patent Applications

Current Research Activities

Signal Transduction Therapy

Inhibiting the tumor microenvironment

Non-cancer indications

Targeting Polyinosine/Polycytosine to cancers

T cell activation inhibitor

Current Laboratory staff:

Former Laboratory staff:

MMiP

Archive

Weekly NewslEtter

[343] Abourbeh, G., S. Dissoki, O. Jacobson, A. Litchi, R.B. Daniel, D. Laki, A. Levitzki, and E. Mishani, Evaluation of radiolabeled ML04, a putative irreversible inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor, as a bioprobe for PET imaging of EGFR-overexpressing tumors. Nucl Med Biol, 2007. 34(1): p. 55-70		PDF
[344] Dissoki, S., Aviv, Y., Laky, D., Abourbeh, G., Levitzki, A. and Mishani, E. (2007). The effect of the [18F]-PEG group on tracer qualification of [4-(phenylamino)-quinazoline-6-YL]-amide moiety–an EGFR putative irreversible inhibitor. Appl Radiat Isot 65(10): 1140-51.		PDF
[345] Geiger, T. and A. Levitzki, Loss of Robustness and Addiction to IGF1 during Early Keratinocyte Transformation by Human Papilloma Virus 16. PLoS ONE, 2007. 2: p. e605.		PDF
[346] Gus, Y., Karni, R. and Levitzki, A. (2007). Subunit S5a of the 26S proteasome is regulated by antiapoptotic signals. Febs J 274(11): 2815-31.		PDF
[347] Klein, S., Levitzki ,A., Targeted Cancer Therapy: Promise and Reality. Adv.Cancer Res, 2007. 97:295.		PDF
[348] Hirokawa, Y., A. Levitzki, G. Lessene, J. Baell, Y. Xiao, H. Zhu, and H. Maruta, Signal therapy of human pancreatic cancer and NF1-deficient breast cancer xenograft in mice by a combination of PP1 and GL-2003, anti-PAK1 drugs (Tyr-kinase inhibitors). Cancer Lett, 2007. 245(1-2): p. 242-51.		PDF
[349] Levitzki, A., Signal Transduction Therapy of Cancer from Concept to Clinic:Promises and Hurdles. AACR Centennial, 2007(April 14-18, 2007).		N/A Online
[350] Levitzki, A. (2007). Protein Kinase Inhibitors. Handbook of Cell Signaling.		N/A Online
[351] Litman, P., Ohne, O., Ben-Yaakov, S., Shemesh-Darvish, L., Yechezkel, T., Salitra, Y., Rubnov, S., Cohen, I., Senderowitz, H., Kidron, D., Livnah, O., Levitzki, A. and Livnah, N. (2007). A novel substrate mimetic inhibitor of PKB/Akt inhibits prostate cancer tumor growth in mice by blocking the PKB pathway. Biochemistry 46(16): 4716-24.		PDF
[352] Mizrachy-Schwartz, S., N. Kravchenko-Balasha, H. Ben-Bassat, S. Klein, and A. Levitzki,Optimization of Energy-Consuming Pathways towards Rapid Growth in HPV-Transformed Cells. PLoS ONE, 2007. 2: p. e628.		N/A Online
[353] Steiner, L., G. Blum, Y. Friedmann, and A. Levitzki, ATP non-competitive IGF-1 receptor kinase inhibitors as lead anti-neoplastic and anti-papilloma agents. Eur J Pharmacol, 2007. 562(1-2): p. 1-11.		PDF
[354] Winograd-Katz, S.E. and A. Levitzki, Cisplatin induces PKB/Akt activation and p38(MAPK) phosphorylation of the EGF receptor. Oncogene, 2007. 26(5): p. 788.		PDF

[336] Ellis, A. G., M. M. Doherty, F. Walker, J. Weinstock, M. Nerrie, A. Vitali, R. Murphy, T. G. Johns, A. M. Scott, A. Levitzki, G. McLachlan, L. K. Webster, A. W. Burgess and E. C. Nice (2006).Preclinical analysis of the analinoquinazoline AG1478, a specific small molecule inhibitor of EGF receptor tyrosine kinase. Biochem Pharmacol. 2006 May 14;71(10):1422-34.		PDF
[337] Klein, S. and A. Levitzki (2006). Signal Transduction Therapy for Cancer – Whither Now?Current Signal Transduction Therapy 1: 1-12.		N/A Online
[338] Levitzki, A. (2006). Principles of Signal Transduction in Oncology. Signaltransduktion in der Onkologie D.C. Dittrich, Editor.(UNI-MED Verlag AG: Bremen): 16-25.		N/A Online
[339] Levitzki, A. (2006). Chronic myeloid leukemia and Gleevec. Signaltransduktion in der Onkologie, D.C. Dittrich, Editor.(UNI-MED Verlag AG: Bremen): 30-35.		N/A Online
[340] Levitzki, A. and E. Mishani (2006). Tyrphostins and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Annu Rev Biochem 75: 93-109.		PDF
[341] Shir, A., M. Ogris, E. Wagner and A. Levitzki (2006). EGF receptor-targeted synthetic double-stranded RNA eliminates glioblastoma, breast cancer, and adenocarcinoma tumors in mice. PLoS Med 3(1): e6.		PDF
[342] Winograd-Katz, S. E. and A. Levitzki (2006). Cisplatin induces PKB/Akt activation andp38(MAPK) phosphorylation of the EGF receptor. Oncogene 25(56): 7381-90.		PDF

[327] Banai, S., Chorny, M., Gertz, S. D., Fishbein, I., Gao, J., Perez, L., Lazarovichi, G., Gazit, A., Levitzki, A., and Golomb, G. (2005). Locally Delivered Nanoencapsulated Tyrphostin (AGL-2043) Reduces Neointima Formation in Balloon-injured Rat Carotid and Stented Porcine Coronary Arteries. Biomaterials 4, 451-61.		PDF
[328] Friedrich, I., H. Ben-Bassat and A. Levitzki (2005). Activation of dsRNA dependent protein kinase PKR in Karpas299 does not lead to cell death. Cancer Biol Ther 4(7): 734-9.		PDF
[329] Friedrich, I., M. Eizenbach, J. Sajman, H. Ben-Bassat and A. Levitzki (2005). A cellular screening assay to test the ability of PKR to induce cell death in mammalian cells.Mol Ther 12(5): 969-75.		PDF
[330] George, J., I. Barshack, P. Keren, A. Gazit, A. Levitzki, G. Keren and A. Roth (2005). The effect of tyrphostin AG-556 on intimal thickening in a mouse model of arterial injury. Exp Mol Pathol 78(3): 233-8.		PDF
[331] Karni, R., Y. Gus, Y. Dor, O. Meyuhas and A. Levitzki (2005). Active Src elevates the expression of beta-catenin by enhancement of cap-dependent translation. Mol Cell Biol 25(12): 5031-9.		PDF
[332] Klein S., Geiger T., Linchevski I., Lebendiker M., Itkin A., Assayag K., Levitzki A. (2005).Expression and purification of active PKB kinase from Escherichia coli. . Protein Expression and Purification 41, 162-9.		PDF
[333] Klein, S., F. McCormick and A. Levitzki (2005). Killing time for cancer cells. Nat Rev Cancer 5(7): 573-80.		PDF
[334] Levitzki A. (2005). PDGF receptor kinase inhibitors for the treatment of restenosis. .Cardiovascular Research 65, 581-6.		PDF
[335] Mishani, E., G. Abourbeh, O. Jacobson, S. Dissoki, R. Ben Daniel, Y. Rozen, M. Shaul and A. Levitzki (2005). High-affinity epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) irreversible inhibitors with diminished chemical reactivities as positron emission tomography (PET)-imaging agent candidates of EGFR overexpressing tumors.J Med Chem 48(16): 5337-48.		PDF

[317] Friedrich I., Shir A., Klein S., Levitzki A. (2004). RNA molecules as anti-cancer agents. Semin Cancer Biol 14, 223-30.		PDF
[318] George, J., Barshack, I., Goldberg, I., Keren, P., Gazit, A., Levitzki, A., Keren, G., and Roth, A. (2004). The effect of early and late treatment with the tyrphostin AG-556 on the progression of experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Exp Mol Pathol 76, 234-241.		PubMed
[319] He, H., Hirokawa, Y., Gazit, A., Yamashita, Y., Mano, H., Kawakami, Y., Kawakami, Hsieh C.Y., Kung, H.J., Lessene, G., Baell, J., Levitzki, A., Maruta, H.(2004). The Tyr-Kinase Inhibitor AG879, That Blocks the ETK-PAK1 Interaction, Suppresses the RAS-Induced PAK1 Activation and Malignant Transformation. Cancer Biol Ther 3 (1), 96-101.		PDF
[320] Levitzki, A., and Klein, S. (2004). From Tyrphostins to Gleevec: Signal Transduction Therapy – From Concept to the Clinic. In Life Sciences for the 21st century, E. Keinan, I. Schechter, and M. Sela, eds., pp. 175-189.		N/A Online
[321] Levitzki, A. (2004). PDGF receptor kinase inhibitors for the treatment of PDGF driven diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 15, 229-35.		PDF
[322] Mishani, E., Abourbeh, G., Rozen, Y., Jacobson, O., Laky, D., Ben David, I., Levitzki, A., and Shaul, M. (2004). Novel carbon-11 labeled 4-dimethylamino-but-2-enoic acid [4-(phenylamino)-quinazoline-6-yl]-amides:potential PET bioprobes for molecular imaging of EGFR-positive tumors. Nucl Med Biology 31, 469-476.		PDF
[323] Rayan, A., Noy, E., Chema, D., Levitzki, A., and Goldblum, A. (2004). Stochastic algorithm for kinase homology model construction. Curr Med Chem 11, 675-692.		PubMed
[324] Shaul, M., Abourbeh, G., Jacobson, O., Rozen, Y., Laky, D., Levitzki, A., and Mishani, E. (2004). Novel iodine-124 labeled EGFR inhibitors as potential PET agents for molecular imaging in cancer. Bioorg Med Chem 12, 3421-3429.		PDF
[325] Levitzki A. (2004). Introduction: Signal transduction therapy-10 years later. Semin Cancer Biol 14, 219-21.		PDF
[326] Banai S., Gertz S.D., Gavish L., Chorny M., Perez L.S., Lazarovichi G., Ianculuvich M., Hoffmann M., Orlowski M., Golomb G., Levitzki A. (2004). Tyrphostin AGL-2043 eluting stent reduces neointima formation in porcine coronary arteries. Cardiovasc Res. 2004 Oct 1;64(1):165-71.		PDF

[304] Baars, S., Bachmann, A., Levitzki, A. & Rosl, F. (2003). Tyrphostin AG55 inhibits bovine papillomavirus transcription by changing the ratio between E2 transactivator/repressor function. J Biol Chem. 278, 37306-13.		PDF
[305] Blum, G., Gazit, A. & Levitzki, A. (2003). Development of new IGF-1 receptor kinase inhibitors using catechol mimics. J Biol Chem. 278, 40442-54.		PDF
[306] Gazit, A., Yee, K., Uecker, A., Bohmer, F. D., Sjoblom, T., Ostman, A., Waltenberger, J., Golomb, G., Banai, S., Heinrich, M. C., and Levitzki, A. (2003). Tricyclic quinoxalines as potent kinase inhibitors of PDGFR kinase, Flt3 and Kit. Bioorg Med Chem 11, 2007-18.		PDF
[307] George, J., Biner, S., Keren, P., Barshack, I., Goldberg, I., Sherez, J., Levitzki, A., Keren, G., and Roth, A. (2003).Tyrphostin AG-556 reduces myocardial infarct size and improves cardiac performance in the rat. Exp Mol Pathol 74, 314-8.		PDF
[308] Karni, R., Mizrachi, S., Reiss-Sklan, E., Gazit, A., Livnah, O., and Levitzki, A. (2003). The pp60c-Src inhibitor PP1 is non-competitive against ATP. FEBS Lett 537, 47-52		PDF
[309] Levitzki, A. (2003). Protein kinase inhibitors as a therapeutic modality. Acc Chem Res 36, 462-9.		PDF
[310] Levitzki, A. (2003). EGF receptor as a therapeutic target. Lung Cancer 41 Suppl 1, S9-S14.		PDF
[311] Levitzki, A. (2003). Signal Transduction Therapy. In Molecular Pathomechanisms and New Trends in Drug Research, G. Keri and I. Toth, eds.		N/A Online
[312] Levitzki, A. (2003). The closure of Sugen. Nat Biotechnol 21, 969.		PDF
[313] Levitzki, A. (2003). Protein Kinase Inhibitors. In Handbook of Cell Signaling, Chapter 77, pp. 451-461.		N/A Online
[314] Levitzki, A., and Ben-Yehudah, D. (2003). From tyrphostins to Iressa and Gleevec: Signal transduction therapy from concept to the patient bed. In Chemical Probes in Biology, M. P. Schneider, ed., pp. 391-402.		N/A Online
[315] Reuveni, H., Klein, S., and Levitzki, A.(2003). The inhibition of Ras farnesylation leads to an increase in p27Kip1 and G1 cell cycle arrest. Eur J Biochem 270, 2759-72		PDF
[316] Shir, A., Friedrich, I., and Levitzki, A. (2003). Tumor specific activation of PKR as a non-toxic modality of cancer treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 13, 309-314.		PDF

[291] Ben-Bassat, H., Hartzstark, Z., Levitzki, R., Klein, B. Y., Shlomai, Z., Gazit, A., and Levitzki, A. (2002). Tyrosine kinase inhibitors suppress the growth of non-hodgkin B lymphomas. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 303, 163-71		PDF
[292] Benhar, M., Engelberg, D., and Levitzki, A. (2002). Cisplatin-induced activation of the EGF receptor. Oncogene 21, 8723-31.		PDF
[293] Benhar, M., Engelberg, D., and Levitzki, A. (2002). ROS, stress-activated kinases and stress signaling in cancer.EMBO Rep 3, 420-5.		PDF
[294] Burdelya, L., Catlett-Falcone, R., Levitzki, A., Cheng, F., Mora, L. B., Sotomayor, E., Coppola, D., Sun, J., Sebti, S., Dalton, W. S., Jove, R., and Yu, H. (2002). Combination therapy with AG-490 and interleukin 12 achieves greater antitumor effects than either agent alone. Mol Cancer Ther 1, 893-9		PDF
[295] Carlomagno, F., Vitagliano, D., Guida, T., Napolitano, M., Vecchio, G., Fusco, A., Gazit, A., Levitzki, A., and Santoro, M. (2002). The kinase inhibitor PP1 blocks tumorigenesis induced by RET oncogenes. Cancer Res 62, 1077-82.		PDF
[296] Karck, M., Meliss, R., Hestermann, M., Mengel, M., Pethig, K., Levitzki, A., Banai, S., Golomb, G., Fishbein, I., Chorny, M., and Haverich, A. (2002). Inhibition of aortic allograft vasculopathy by local delivery of platelet-derived growth factor receptor tyrosine-kinase blocker AG-1295. Transplantation 74, 1335-41.		PubMed
[297] Karni, R., Dor, Y., Keshet, E., Meyuhas, O., and Levitzki, A. (2002). Activated pp60c-Src leads to elevated hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)- 1alpha expression under normoxia. J Biol Chem 277, 42919-25.		PDF
[298] Levitzki, A. (2002). Tyrosine kinases as targets for cancer therapy. Eur J Cancer 38 Suppl 5, S11-8.		PDF
[299] Levitzki, A. (2002). Protein Kinase Inhibitors. In Encyclopedia of Cancer (USA: Elsevier Science), pp. 475-80.		PubMed
[300] Levitzki, A., and Klein, S. (2002). G-protein subunit dissociation is not an integral part of G-protein action.Chembiochem 3, 815-8.		PDF
[301] Ortu, G., Ben-David, I., Rozen, Y., Freedman, N. M., Chisin, R., Levitzki, A., and Mishani, E. (2002). Labeled EGFr-TK irreversible inhibitor (ML03): in vitro and in vivo properties, potential as PET biomarker for cancer and feasibility as anticancer drug. Int J Cancer 101, 360-70.		PDF
[302] Reuveni, H., Livnah, N., Geiger, T., Klein, S., Ohne, O., Cohen, I., Benhar, M., Gellerman, G., and Levitzki, A. (2002).Toward a PKB inhibitor: modification of a selective PKA inhibitor by rational design. Biochemistry 41, 10304-14.		PDF
[303] Shir, A., and Levitzki, A. (2002). Inhibition of glioma growth by tumor-specific activation of double- stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR. Nat Biotechnol 20, 895-900.		PDF

[267] Ben-Bassat, H., and Levitzki, A. (2000). Inhibitors of tyrosine kinases in the treatment of psoriasis. Isr Med Assoc J 2 Suppl, 69-73.		PubMed
[268] Blum, G., Gazit, A., and Levitzki, A. (2000). Substrate competitive inhibitors of IGF-1 receptor kinase. Biochemistry 39, 15705-12.		PDF
[269] Fishbein, I., Waltenberger, J., Banai, S., Rabinovich, L., Chorny, M., Levitzki, A., Gazit, A., Huber, R., Mayr, U., Gertz, S. D., and Golomb, G. (2000). Local delivery of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-specific tyrphostin inhibits neointimal formation in rats. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20, 667-76.		PDF
[270] He, H., Hirokawa, Y., Levitzki, A., and Maruta, H. (2000). An anti-Ras cancer potential of PP1, an inhibitor specific for Src family kinases: in vitro and in vivo studies. Cancer J 6, 243-8.		PubMed
[271] Karni, R., and Levitzki, A. (2000). pp60(cSrc) is a caspase-3 substrate and Is essential for the transformed phenotype of A431 cells. Mol Cell Biol Res Commun 3, 98-104.		PDF
[272] Klein, S., Reuveni, H., and Levitzki, A. (2000). Signal transduction by a nondissociable heterotrimeric yeast G protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97, 3219-23.		PDF
[273] Levitzki, A. (2000). Protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors as novel therapeutic agents. In Signaling Networks and Cell Cycle Control: The Molecular Basis of Cancer and Other Diseases, J. S. Gutkind, ed. (Totowa, NJ: Humana Press Inc.), pp. 453-65.		N/A Online
[274] Levitzki, A. (2000). Protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors as therapeutic agents. In Topics in Current Chemistry (Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag), pp. 1-15.		N/A Online
[275] Levitzki, A., and Gazit, A. (2000). The Potential of Tyrphostins for the Therapy of Breast Cancer. Breast CancerDisease 11, 145-52.		N/A Online
[276] Reuveni, H., Geiger, T., Geiger, B., and Levitzki, A. (2000). Reversal of the Ras-induced transformed phenotype by HR12, a novel ras farnesylation inhibitor, is mediated by the Mek/Erk pathway. J Cell Biol 151, 1179-92.		PDF
[277] Volberg, T., Bershadsky, A. D., Elbaum, M., Gazit, A., Levitzki, A., and Geiger, B. (2000). Disruption of microtubules in living cells by tyrphostin AG-1714. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 45, 223-34.		PDF
[278] Zhang, Y., Turkson, J., Carter-Su, C., Smithgall, T., Levitzki, A., Kraker, A., Krolewski, J. J., Medveczky, P., and Jove, R. (2000). Activation of Stat3 in v-Src-transformed fibroblasts requires cooperation of Jak1 kinase activity. J Biol Chem 275, 24935-44.		PDF

257] Ben-Bassat, H., Rosenbaum-Mitrani, S., Hartzstark, Z., Levitzki, R., Chaouat, M., Shlomai, Z., Klein, B. Y., Kleinberger-Doron, N., Gazit, A., Tsvieli, R., and Levitzki, A. (1999). Tyrphostins that suppress the growth of human papilloma virus 16- immortalized human keratinocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 290, 1442-57.		PDF
[258] Carlo-Stella, C., Regazzi, E., Sammarelli, G., Colla, S., Garau, D., Gazit, A., Savoldo, B., Cilloni, D., Tabilio, A., Levitzki, A., and Rizzoli, V. (1999). Effects of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG957 and an Anti-Fas receptor antibody on CD34(+) chronic myelogenous leukemia progenitor cells. Blood 93, 3973-82.		PDF
[259] Catlett-Falcone, R., Landowski, T. H., Oshiro, M. M., Turkson, J., Levitzki, A., Savino, R., Ciliberto, G., Moscinski, L., Fernandez-Luna, J. L., Nunez, G., Dalton, W. S., and Jove, R. (1999). Constitutive activation of Stat3 signaling confers resistance to apoptosis in human U266 myeloma cells. Immunity 10, 105-15.		PDF
[260] Gross, A., Winograd, S., Marbach, I., and Levitzki, A. (1999). The N-terminal half of Cdc25 is essential for processing glucose signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Biochemistry 38, 13252-62.		PDF
[261] Karni, R., Jove, R., and Levitzki, A. (1999). Inhibition of pp60c-Src reduces Bcl-XL expression and reverses the transformed phenotype of cells overexpressing EGF and HER-2 receptors. Oncogene 18, 4654-62.		PDF
[262] Levitzki, A. (1999). Protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors as novel therapeutic agents. Pharmacol Ther 82, 231-9.		PDF
[263] Poradosu, E., Gazit, A., Reuveni, H., and Levitzki, A. (1999). Alpha-cyanocinnamide derivatives: a new family of non-peptide, non- sulfhydryl inhibitors of Ras farnesylation.Bioorg Med Chem 7, 1727-36.		PDF
[264] Powell, T. J., Ben-Bassat, H., Klein, B. Y., Chen, H., Shenoy, N., McCollough, J., Narog, B., Gazit, A., Harzstark, Z., Chaouat, M., Levitzki, R., Tang, C., McMahon, J., Shawver, L., and Levitzki, A. (1999). Growth inhibition of psoriatic keratinocytes by quinazoline tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Br J Dermatol 141, 802-10.		PDF
[265] Schindler, T., Sicheri, F., Pico, A., Gazit, A., Levitzki, A., and Kuriyan, J. (1999). Crystal structure of Hck in complex with a Src family-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Mol Cell 3, 639-48.		PDF
[266] Waltenberger, J., Uecker, A., Kroll, J., Frank, H., Mayr, U., Bjorge, J. D., Fujita, D., Gazit, A., Hombach, V., Levitzki, A., and Bohmer, F. D. (1999). A dual inhibitor of platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor and Src kinase activity potently interferes with motogenic and mitogenic responses to PDGF in vascular smooth muscle cells. A novel candidate for prevention of vascular remodeling. Circ Res 85, 12-22.		PDF

[250] Banai, S., Wolf, Y., Golomb, G., Pearle, A., Waltenberger, J., Fishbein, I., Schneider, A., Gazit, A., Perez, L., Huber, R., Lazarovichi, G., Rabinovich, L., Levitzki, A., and Gertz, S. D. (1998). PDGF-receptor tyrosine kinase blocker AG1295 selectively attenuates smooth muscle cell growth in vitro and reduces neointimal formation after balloon angioplasty in swine. Circulation 97, 1960-9.		PDF
[251] Brenner, T., Poradosu, E., Soffer, D., Sicsic, C., Gazit, A., and Levitzki, A. (1998). Suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by tyrphostin AG-556. Exp Neurol 154, 489-98.		PDF
[252] Kleinberger-Doron, N., Shelah, N., Capone, R., Gazit, A., and Levitzki, A. (1998). Inhibition of Cdk2 activation by selected tyrphostins causes cell cycle arrest at late G1 and S phase. Exp Cell Res 241, 340-51.		PDF
[253] Levitzki, A., and Bohmer, F. D. (1998). Altered efficacy and selectivity of tyrosine kinase inhibitors of the activated states of protein tyrosine kinases. Anticancer Drug Des 13, 731-4.		PubMed
[254] Lipson, K. E., Pang, L., Huber, L. J., Chen, H., Tsai, J. M., Hirth, P., Gazit, A., Levitzki, A., and McMahon, G. (1998).Inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling events after treatment of cells with specific synthetic inhibitors of tyrosine kinase phosphorylation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 285, 844-52.		PDF
[255] Nagane, M., Levitzki, A., Gazit, A., Cavenee, W. K., and Huang, H. J. (1998). Drug resistance of human glioblastoma cells conferred by a tumor- specific mutant epidermal growth factor receptor through modulation of Bcl-XL and caspase-3-like proteases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95, 5724-9.		PDF
[256] Walker, F., Kato, A., Gonez, L. J., Hibbs, M. L., Pouliot, N., Levitzki, A., and Burgess, A. W. (1998). Activation of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway by kinase-defective epidermal growth factor receptors results in cell survival but not proliferation. Mol Cell Biol 18, 7192-204.		PDF

[239] Ben-Bassat, H., Rosenbaum-Mitrani, S., Hartzstark, Z., Shlomai, Z., Kleinberger-Doron, N., Gazit, A., Plowman, G., Levitzki, R., Tsvieli, R., and Levitzki, A. (1997). Inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor kinase and of cyclin- dependent kinase 2 activation induce growth arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis of human papilloma virus 16-immortalized human keratinocytes. Cancer Res 57, 3741-50.		PubMed
[240] Kovalenko, M., Ronnstrand, L., Heldin, C. H., Loubtchenkov, M., Gazit, A., Levitzki, A., and Bohmer, F. D. (1997).Phosphorylation site-specific inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor autophosphorylation by the receptor blocking tyrphostin AG1296. Biochemistry 36, 6260-9.		PDF
[241] Levitzki, A. (1997). Ligand binding. In Protein Function: a practical approach, T. E. Creighton, ed.: IRL press), pp. 101-29.		N/A Online
[242] Levitzki, A. (1997). Targeting signal transduction for disease therapy. Med Oncol 14, 83-9.		PubMed
[243] Lopez-Talavera, J. C., Levitzki, A., Martinez, M., Gazit, A., Esteban, R., and Guardia, J. (1997). Tyrosine kinase inhibition ameliorates the hyperdynamic state and decreases nitric oxide production in cirrhotic rats with portal hypertension and ascites. J Clin Invest 100, 664-70.		PDF
[244] Osherov, N., and Levitzki, A. (1997). Tyrphostin AG 494 blocks Cdk2 activation. FEBS Lett 410, 187-90.		PubMed
[245] Palumbo, G. A., Yarom, N., Gazit, A., Sandalon, Z., Baniyash, M., Kleinberger-Doron, N., Levitzki, A., and Ben-Yehuda, D. (1997). The tryphostin AG17 induces apoptosis and inhibition of cdk2 activity in a lymphoma cell line that overexpresses bcl-2. Cancer Res 57, 2434-9.		PubMed
[246] Parrizas, M., Gazit, A., Levitzki, A., Wertheimer, E., and LeRoith, D. (1997). Specific inhibition of insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity and biological function by tyrphostins. Endocrinology 138, 1427-33.		PDF
[247] Reuveni, H., Gitler, A., Poradosu, E., Gilon, C., and Levitzki, A. (1997). Synthesis and biological activity of semipeptoid farnesyltransferase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 5, 85-92.		PDF
[248] Sevransky, J. E., Shaked, G., Novogrodsky, A., Levitzki, A., Gazit, A., Hoffman, A., Elin, R. J., Quezado, Z. M., Freeman, B. D., Eichacker, P. Q., Danner, R. L., Banks, S. M., Bacher, J., Thomas, M. L., 3rd, and Natanson, C. (1997). Tyrphostin AG 556 improves survival and reduces multiorgan failure in canine Escherichia coli peritonitis. J Clin Invest 99, 1966-73.		PDF
[249] Wessely, O., Mellitzer, G., von Lindern, M., Levitzki, A., Gazit, A., Ischenko, I., Hayman, M. J., and Beug, H. (1997).Distinct roles of the receptor tyrosine kinases c-ErbB and c-Kit in regulating the balance between erythroid cell proliferation and differentiation. Cell Growth Differ 8, 481-93.		PubMed

[166] Almagor, H., and Levitzki, A. (1990). Analytical determination of receptor-ligand dissociation constants of two populations of receptors from displacement curves. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87, 6482-6.		PDF
[167] Engelberg, D., Poradosu, E., Simchen, G., and Levitzki, A. (1990). Adenylyl cyclase activity of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is not regulated by guanyl nucleotides. FEBS Lett 261, 413-8.		PubMed
[168] Engelberg, D., Simchen, G., and Levitzki, A. (1990). In vitro reconstitution of cdc25 regulated S. cerevisiae adenylyl cyclase and its kinetic properties. Embo J 9, 641-51.		PubMed
[169] Levitzki, A. (1990). GTP-GDP exchange proteins. Science 248, 794.		PubMed
[170] Levitzki, A. (1990). Dual control of adenylate cyclase. In G proteins as mediators of the cellular signalling process, M. D. Houslay and G. Milligan, eds.: John Wiley and Sons), pp. 1-14.		PDF
[171] Levitzki, A. (1990). Tyrphostins–potential antiproliferative agents and novel molecular tools. Biochem Pharmacol 40, 913-8.		PubMed
[172] Marbach, I., Bar-Sinai, A., Minich, M., and Levitzki, A. (1990). Beta subunit copurifies with GppNHp-activated adenylyl cyclase. J Biol Chem 265, 9999-10004.		PDF
[173] Rendu, F., Eldor, A., Grelac, F., Levy-Toledano, S., and Levitzki, A. (1990). Tyrosine kinase blockers: new platelet activation inhibitors. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 1, 713-6.		PubMed

[142] Daniel, J., Becker, J. M., Enari, E., and Levitzki, A. (1987). The activation of adenylate cyclase by guanyl nucleotides in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is controlled by the CDC25 start gene product. Mol Cell Biol 7, 3857-61.		PubMed
[143] Horovitz, A., and Levitzki, A. (1987). An accurate method for determination of receptor-ligand and enzyme- inhibitor dissociation constants from displacement curves. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84, 6654-8.		PubMed
[144] Kashles, O., and Levitzki, A. (1987). Characterization of the beta 2-adrenoceptor-dependent adenylate cyclase of A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 36, 1531-8.		PubMed
[145] Levitzki, A. (1987). Signal tranduction in hormone dependent adenylate cyclase. Cell Biophysics 12, 133-43.		N/A Online
[146] Levitzki, A. (1987). Coupling of beta-adrenoceptors to adenylate cyclase and the role of the GTP binding protein in signal transduction. In Perspectives on Receptor Classification, J. W. Black, D. M. Jenkinson and Y. P. Gerskowitch, eds.: Alan Liss), pp. 87-94.		N/A Online
[147] Levitzki, A. (1987). Regulation of adenylate cyclase by hormones and G-proteins. FEBS Lett 211, 113-8.		PubMed
[148] Levitzki, A. (1987). Regulation of hormone sensitive adenylate cyclase. Trends in Pharmacol. Sci. 8, 299-303.		N/A Online
[149] Levitzki, A. (1987). Cross-talk between PKC and cyclic AMP pathways. Nature 330, 319-20.		PubMed
[150] Levitzki, A. (1987). Signal transduction in beta-adrenoceptor-dependent adenylate cyclase. In Enzyme Dynamics and Regulation, P. Boon Chock, C. L. Tsou, C. Y. Huang and J. H. Wang, eds.: Springer-Verlag), pp. 113-20.		N/A Online

[134] Bar-Sinai, A., Aldouby, Y., Chorev, M., and Levitzki, A. (1986). Association of turkey erythrocyte beta-adrenoceptors with a specific lipid component. Embo J 5, 1175-80.		PubMed
[135] Feder, D., Im, M. J., Klein, H. W., Hekman, M., Holzhofer, A., Dees, C., Levitzki, A., Helmreich, E. J., and Pfeuffer, T. (1986). Reconstitution of beta 1-adrenoceptor-dependent adenylate cyclase from purified components. Embo J 5, 1509-14.		PubMed
[136] Feder, D., Im, M. J., Pfeuffer, T., Hekman, M., Helmreich, E. J., and Levitzki, A. (1986). The hormonal regulation of adenylate cyclase. Biochem Soc Symp 52, 145-51.		PubMed
[137] Levitzki, A. (1986). Bacterial adaptation, visual adaptation, receptor desensitization – A common link? Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 77, 3-6.		N/A Online
[138] Levitzki, A. (1986). Beta-adrenergic receptors and their mode of coupling to adenylate cyclase. Physiol Rev 66, 819-54.		PubMed
[139] Levitzki, A. (1986). The regulation of hormone-dependent adenylate cyclase in native membranes and systems reconstituted from purified components. In Biomembrane and Receptor Mechanisms, D. Chapman and E. Bertoli, eds. (Padua, Italy: Liviana Press), pp. 225-35.		N/A Online
[140] Levitzki, A., Rudick, J., Pastan, I., Vass, W. C., and Lowy, D. R. (1986). Adenylate cyclase activity of NIH 3T3 cells morphologically transformed by ras genes. FEBS Lett 197, 134-8.		PubMed
[141] Wang, L., Chorev, M., Feingers, J., Levitzki, A., and Inbar, M. (1986). Stereospecific antibodies to propranolol. FEBS Lett 199, 173-8.		PubMed

[131] Chorev, M., Feigenbaum, A., Keenan, A. K., Gilon, C., and Levitzki, A. (1985). N-Bromoacetyl-amino-cyanopindolol: a highly potent beta-adrenergic affinity label blocks irreversibly a non-protein component tightly associated with the receptor. Eur J Biochem 146, 9-14.		PubMed
[132] Levitzki, A. (1985). Reconstitution of membrane receptor systems. Biochim Biophys Acta 822, 127-53.		PubMed
[133] Levitzki, A. (1985). Receptors. In Endocytosis, I. Pastan, ed.: Plenum Press, pp. 45-68.		N/A Online

[227] Fishbein, I., Banai, S., Levitzki, A., Moscovitz, D., Gertz, S. D., Gazit, A., and Golomb, G. (1996). Perivascular and intraluminal delivery systems of a tyrphostin for the treatment of restenosis. Proceed. Intern. Symp. Control. Rel. Bioact. Mater. 23, 17-18.		N/A Online
[228] Gazit, A., App, H., McMahon, G., Chen, J., Levitzki, A., and Bohmer, F. D. (1996). Tyrphostins. 5. Potent inhibitors of platelet-derived growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase: structure-activity relationships in quinoxalines, quinolines, and indole tyrphostins. J Med Chem 39, 2170-7.		PDF
[229] Gazit, A., Chen, J., App, H., McMahon, G., Hirth, P., Chen, I., and Levitzki, A. (1996). Tyrphostins IV–highly potent inhibitors of EGF receptor kinase. Structure-activity relationship study of 4-anilidoquinazolines. Bioorg Med Chem 4, 1203-7.		PDF
[230] Gazit, A., Osherov, N., Gilon, C., and Levitzki, A. (1996). Tyrphostins. 6. Dimeric benzylidenemalononitrile tyrophostins: potent inhibitors of EGF receptor tyrosine kinase in vitro. J Med Chem 39, 4905-11.		PDF
[231] Golomb, G., Fishbein, I., Banai, S., Mishaly, D., Moscovitz, D., Gertz, S. D., Gazit, A., Poradosu, E., and Levitzki, A. (1996). Controlled delivery of a tyrphostin inhibits intimal hyperplasia in a rat carotid artery injury model.Atherosclerosis 125, 171-82.		PDF
[232] Levitzki, A. (1996). SRC as a target for anti-cancer drugs. Anticancer Drug Des 11, 175-82.		PDF
[233] Levitzki, A. (1996). Targeting signal transduction for disease therapy. Curr Opin Cell Biol 8, 239-44.		PubMed
[234] Meydan, N., Grunberger, T., Dadi, H., Shahar, M., Arpaia, E., Lapidot, Z., Leeder, J. S., Freedman, M., Cohen, A., Gazit, A., Levitzki, A., and Roifman, C. M. (1996). Inhibition of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia by a Jak-2 inhibitor. Nature 379, 645-8.		PubMed
[235] Strawn, L. M., McMahon, G., App, H., Schreck, R., Kuchler, W. R., Longhi, M. P., Hui, T. H., Tang, C., Levitzki, A., Gazit, A., Chen, I., Keri, G., Orfi, L., Risau, W., Flamme, I., Ullrich, A., Hirth, K. P., and Shawver, L. K. (1996). Flk-1 as a target for tumor growth inhibition. Cancer Res 56, 3540-5.		PubMed
[236] Tsai, C. M., Levitzki, A., Wu, L. H., Chang, K. T., Cheng, C. C., Gazit, A., and Perng, R. P. (1996). Enhancement of chemosensitivity by tyrphostin AG825 in high-p185(neu) expressing non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Res 56, 1068-74.		PubMed
[237] Vanichkin, A., Patya, M., Gazit, A., Levitzki, A., and Novogrodsky, A. (1996). Late administration of a lipophilic tyrosine kinase inhibitor prevents lipopolysaccharide and Escherichia coli-induced lethal toxicity. J Infect Dis 173, 927-33.		PubMed
[238] Yablonski, D., Marbach, I., and Levitzki, A. (1996). Dimerization of Ste5, a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade scaffold protein, is required for signal transduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93, 13864-9.		PDF

[221] Ben-Bassat, H., Vardi, D. V., Gazit, A., Klaus, S. N., Chaouat, M., Hartzstark, Z., and Levitzki, A. (1995). Tyrphostins suppress the growth of psoriatic keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 4, 82-8.		PubMed
[222] Hurwitz, N., Segal, M., Marbach, I., and Levitzki, A. (1995). Differential activation of yeast adenylyl cyclase by Ras1 and Ras2 depends on the conserved N terminus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92, 11009-13.		PDF
[223] Levitzki, A. (1995). Signal transduction interception as a novel approach to disease management. Ann N Y Acad Sci 766, 363-8.		PubMed
[224] Levitzki, A., and Gazit, A. (1995). Tyrosine kinase inhibition: an approach to drug development. Science 267, 1782-8.		PubMed
[225] Mazumder, A., Gazit, A., Levitzki, A., Nicklaus, M., Yung, J., Kohlhagen, G., and Pommier, Y. (1995). Effects of tyrphostins, protein kinase inhibitors, on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase. Biochemistry 34, 15111-22.		PubMed
[226] Segal, M., Marbach, I., Willumsen, B. M., and Levitzki, A. (1995). Two distinct regions of Ras participate in functional interaction with GDP-GTP exchangers. Eur J Biochem 228, 96-101.		PubMed

[210] Agbotounou, W. K., Levitzki, A., Jacquemin-Sablon, A., and Pierre, J. (1994). Effects of tyrphostins on the activated c-src protein in NIH/3T3 cells. Mol Pharmacol 45, 922-31.		PubMed
[211] Goldberg, D., Segal, M., and Levitzki, A. (1994). Cdc25 is not the signal receiver for glucose induced cAMP response in S. cerevisiae. FEBS Lett 356, 249-54.		PubMed
[212] Kaur, G., Gazit, A., Levitzki, A., Stowe, E., Cooney, D. A., and Sausville, E. A. (1994). Tyrphostin induced growth inhibition: correlation with effect on p210bcr-abl autokinase activity in K562 chronic myelogenous leukemia. Anticancer Drugs 5, 213-22.		PubMed
[213] Kovalenko, M., Gazit, A., Bohmer, A., Rorsman, C., Ronnstrand, L., Heldin, C. H., Waltenberger, J., Bohmer, F. D., and Levitzki, A. (1994). Selective platelet-derived growth factor receptor kinase blockers reverse sis-transformation. Cancer Res 54, 6106-14.		PubMed
[214] Levitzki, A. (1994). Protein Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. In New Molecular Targets for Cancer Chemotherapy: Kerr & Workman).		N/A Online
[215] Levitzki, A. (1994). Signal-transduction therapy. A novel approach to disease management. Eur J Biochem 226, 1-13.		PubMed
[216] Markovits, J., Larsen, A. K., Segal-Bendirdjian, E., Fosse, P., Saucier, J. M., Gazit, A., Levitzki, A., Umezawa, K., and Jacquemin-Sablon, A. (1994). Inhibition of DNA topoisomerases I and II and induction of apoptosis by erbstatin and tyrphostin derivatives. Biochem Pharmacol 48, 549-60.		PubMed
[217] Novogrodsky, A., Vanichkin, A., Patya, M., Gazit, A., Osherov, N., and Levitzki, A. (1994). Prevention of lipopolysaccharide-induced lethal toxicity by tyrosine kinase inhibitors.Science 264, 1319-22.		PubMed
[218] Osherov, N., and Levitzki, A. (1994). Epidermal-growth-factor-dependent activation of the src-family kinases. Eur J Biochem 225, 1047-53.		PubMed
[219] Posner, I., Engel, M., Gazit, A., and Levitzki, A. (1994). Kinetics of inhibition by tyrphostins of the tyrosine kinase activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor and analysis by a new computer program. Mol Pharmacol 45, 673-83.		PubMed
[220] Posner, I., and Levitzki, A. (1994). Kinetics of phosphorylation of the SH2-containing domain of phospholipase C gamma 1 by the epidermal growth factor receptor. FEBS Lett 353, 155-61.		PubMed

[198] Anafi, M., Gazit, A., Gilon, C., Neriah, Y. B., and Levitzki, A. (1993). Tyrphostin-induced differentiation of mouse erythroleukemia cells. FEBS Lett 330, 260-4.		PDF
[199] Anafi, M., Gazit, A., Zehavi, A., Ben-Neriah, Y., and Levitzki, A. (1993). Tyrphostin-induced inhibition of p210bcr-abl tyrosine kinase activity induces K562 to differentiate. Blood 82, 3524-9.		PubMed
[200] Gazit, A., Osherov, N., Posner, I., Bar-Sinai, A., Gilon, C., and Levitzki, A. (1993). Tyrphostins. 3. Structure-activity relationship studies of alpha- substituted benzylidenemalononitrile 5-S-aryltyrphostins. J Med Chem 36, 3556-64.		PubMed
[201] Goldberg, D., Marbach, I., Gross, E., Levitzki, A., and Simchen, G. (1993). A Candida albicans homolog of CDC25 is functional in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eur J Biochem 213, 195-204.		PubMed
[202] Gomberg-Malool, S., Ziv, R., Re’em, Y., Posner, I., Levitzki, A., and Orly, J. (1993). Tyrphostins inhibit follicle-stimulating hormone-mediated functions in cultured rat ovarian granulosa cells. Endocrinology 132, 362-70.		PubMed
[203] Levitzki, A., and Gilon, C. (1993). Tyrphostins – a novel concept for antiproliferative drugs. In Frontiers in Pharmacology and Therapeutics; Cancer Chemotherapy, J. A. Hickman and T. R. Tritton, eds.: Blackwell), pp. 107-27.		N/A Online
[204] Levitzki, A., Marbach, I., and Bar-Sinai, A. (1993). The signal transduction between beta-receptors and adenylyl cyclase. Life Sci 52, 2093-100.		PubMed
[205] Ohmichi, M., Pang, L., Ribon, V., Gazit, A., Levitzki, A., and Saltiel, A. R. (1993). The tyrosine kinase inhibitor tyrphostin blocks the cellular actions of nerve growth factor.Biochemistry 32, 4650-8.		PubMed
[206] Osherov, N., Gazit, A., Gilon, C., and Levitzki, A. (1993). Selective inhibition of the epidermal growth factor and HER2/neu receptors by tyrphostins. J Biol Chem 268, 11134-42.		PDF
[207] Perlman, R., Yablonski, D., Simchen, G., and Levitzki, A. (1993). Cloning of the STE5 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a suppressor of the mating defect of cdc25 temperature-sensitive mutants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90, 5474-8.		PDF
[208] Segal, M., Willumsen, B. M., and Levitzki, A. (1993). Residues crucial for Ras interaction with GDP-GTP exchangers.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90, 5564-8.		PDF
[209] Smyth, M. S., Stefanova, I., Hartmann, F., Horak, I. D., Osherov, N., Levitzki, A., and Burke, T. R., Jr. (1993). Non-amine based analogues of lavendustin A as protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitors. J Med Chem 36, 3010-4.		PubMed

[186] Anafi, M., Gazit, A., Gilon, C., Ben-Neriah, Y., and Levitzki, A. (1992). Selective interactions of transforming and normal abl proteins with ATP, tyrosine-copolymer substrates, and tyrphostins. J Biol Chem 267, 4518-23.		PDF
[187] Bar-Sinai, A., Marbach, I., and Levitzki, A. (1992). Regulation of Hormone and transmitter sensitive adenylyl cyclase.Topics in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 557-63.		N/A Online
[188] Bar-Sinai, A., Marbach, I., Shorr, R. G., and Levitzki, A. (1992). The GppNHp-activated adenylyl cyclase complex from turkey erythrocyte membranes can be isolated with its beta gamma subunits. Eur J Biochem 207, 703-8.		PubMed
[189] Bryckaert, M. C., Eldor, A., Fontenay, M., Gazit, A., Osherov, N., Gilon, C., Levitzki, A., and Tobelem, G. (1992). Inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor-induced mitogenesis and tyrosine kinase activity in cultured bone marrow fibroblasts by tyrphostins. Exp Cell Res 199, 255-61.		PubMed
[190] Burke, T. R., Jr. , Ford, H., Osherov, N., Levitzki, A., Stefanova, I., Horak, I. D., and Marquez, V. E. (1992). Arylamides of hydroxylated isoquinolines as protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 2, 1771-4.		N/A Online
[191] Gross, E., Goldberg, D., and Levitzki, A. (1992). Phosphorylation of the S. cerevisiae Cdc25 in response to glucose results in its dissociation from Ras. Nature 360, 762-5.		PDF
[192] Gross, E., Marbach, I., Engelberg, D., Segal, M., Simchen, G., and Levitzki, A. (1992). Anti-Cdc25 antibodies inhibit guanyl nucleotide-dependent adenylyl cyclase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cross-react with a 150- kilodalton mammalian protein. Mol Cell Biol 12, 2653-61.		PubMed
[193] Levitzki, A. (1992). Tyrphostins: tyrosine kinase blockers as novel antiproliferative agents and dissectors of signal transduction. Faseb J 6, 3275-82.		PubMed
[194] Posner, I., Engel, M., and Levitzki, A. (1992). Kinetic model of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor tyrosine kinase and a possible mechanism of its activation by EGF. J Biol Chem 267, 20638-47.		PDF
[195] Rendu, F., Eldor, A., Grelac, F., Bachelot, C., Gazit, A., Gilon, C., Levy-Toledano, S., and Levitzki, A. (1992). Inhibition of platelet activation by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 44, 881-8.		PubMed
[196] Segal, M., Marbach, I., Engelberg, D., Simchen, G., and Levitzki, A. (1992). Interaction between the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC25 gene product and mammalian ras. J Biol Chem 267, 22747-51.		PDF
[197] Volberg, T., Zick, Y., Dror, R., Sabanay, I., Gilon, C., Levitzki, A., and Geiger, B. (1992). The effect of tyrosine-specific protein phosphorylation on the assembly of adherens-type junctions. Embo J 11, 1733-42.		PubMed

[174] Bilder, G. E., Krawiec, J. A., McVety, K., Gazit, A., Gilon, C., Lyall, R., Zilberstein, A., Levitzki, A., Perrone, M. H., and Schreiber, A. B. (1991). Tyrphostins inhibit PDGF-induced DNA synthesis and associated early events in smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol 260, C721-30.		PubMed
[175] Daya-Makin, M., Pelech, S. L., Levitzki, A., and Hudson, A. T. (1991). Erbstatin and tyrphostins block protein-serine kinase activation and meiotic maturation of sea star oocytes.Biochim Biophys Acta 1093, 87-94.		PubMed
[176] Dvir, A., Milner, Y., Chomsky, O., Gilon, C., Gazit, A., and Levitzki, A. (1991). The inhibition of EGF-dependent proliferation of keratinocytes by tyrphostin tyrosine kinase blockers. J Cell Biol 113, 857-65.		PubMed
[177] Gazit, A., Osherov, N., Posner, I., Yaish, P., Poradosu, E., Gilon, C., and Levitzki, A. (1991). Tyrphostins. 2. Heterocyclic and alpha-substituted benzylidenemalononitrile tyrphostins as potent inhibitors of EGF receptor and ErbB2/neu tyrosine kinases. J Med Chem 34, 1896-907.		PubMed
[178] Hsu, C. Y., Persons, P. E., Spada, A. P., Bednar, R. A., Levitzki, A., and Zilberstein, A. (1991). Kinetic analysis of the inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase by Lavendustin-A and its analogue. J Biol Chem 266, 21105-12.		PDF
[179] Levitzki, A. (1991). Cellular Signaling. In Enc. of Human Biology, pp. 321-31.		N/A Online
[180] Levitzki, A., and Bar-Sinai, A. (1991). The regulation of adenylyl cyclase by receptor-operated G proteins. Pharmacol Ther 50, 271-83.		PubMed
[181] Levitzki, A., Gazit, A., Osherov, N., Posner, I., and Gilon, C. (1991). Inhibition of protein-tyrosine kinases by tyrphostins. Methods Enzymol 201, 347-61.		PubMed
[182] Levitzki, A., and Gilon, C. (1991). Tyrphostins as molecular tools and potential antiproliferative drugs. Trends Pharmacol Sci 12, 171-4.		PubMed
[183] Padeh, S., Levitzki, A., Gazit, A., Mills, G. B., and Roifman, C. M. (1991). Activation of phospholipase C in human B cells is dependent on tyrosine phosphorylation. J Clin Invest 87, 1114-8.		PubMed
[184] Roifman, C. M., Chin, K., Gazit, A., Mills, G. B., Gilon, C., and Levitzki, A. (1991). Tyrosine phosphorylation is an essential event in the stimulation of B lymphocytes by Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I. J Immunol 146, 2965-71.		PubMed
[185] Yoneda, T., Lyall, R. M., Alsina, M. M., Persons, P. E., Spada, A. P., Levitzki, A., Zilberstein, A., and Mundy, G. R. (1991).The antiproliferative effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors tyrphostins on a human squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in nude mice. Cancer Res 51, 4430-5.		PubMed

[158] Engelberg, D., Perlman, R., and Levitzki, A. (1989). Transmembrane signalling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell Signal 1, 1-7.		PubMed
[159] Gazit, A., Yaish, P., Gilon, C., and Levitzki, A. (1989). Tyrphostins I: synthesis and biological activity of protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors. J Med Chem 32, 2344-52.		PubMed
[160] Henis, Y. I., and Levitzki, A. (1989). Mammalian glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and its use toelucidate molecular mechanisms of cooperativity. In Allosteric Enzymes, G. Herve, ed.: CRC Press, Inc.), pp. 153-88.		N/A Online
[161] Lyall, R. M., Zilberstein, A., Gazit, A., Gilon, C., Levitzki, A., and Schlessinger, J. (1989). Tyrphostins inhibit epidermal growth factor (EGF)-receptor tyrosine kinase activity in living cells and EGF-stimulated cell proliferation. J Biol Chem 264, 14503-9.		PDF
[162] Margolis, B., Rhee, S. G., Felder, S., Mervic, M., Lyall, R., Levitzki, A., Ullrich, A., Zilberstein, A., and Schlessinger, J. (1989). EGF induces tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C-II: a potential mechanism for EGF receptor signaling. Cell 57, 1101-7.		PubMed
[163] Perlman, R., Eilam, Y., Padan, E., Simchen, G., and Levitzki, A. (1989). Rapid intracellular alkalinization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae MATa cells in response to alpha-factor requires the CDC25 gene product. Cell Signal 1, 577-86.		PubMed
[164] Posner, I., Gazit, A., Gilon, C., and Levitzki, A. (1989). Tyrphostins inhibit the epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated breakdown of phosphoinositides. FEBS Lett 257, 287-91.		PubMed
[165] Shechter, Y., Yaish, P., Chorev, M., Gilon, C., Braun, S., and Levitzki, A. (1989). Inhibition of insulin-dependent lipogenesis and anti-lipolysis by protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Embo J 8, 1671-6.		PubMed

[151] Becker, J. M., Enari, E., and Levitzki, A. (1988). Guanine nucleotide regulation of adenylate cyclase in permeabilized cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim Biophys Acta 968, 408-17.		PubMed
[152] Levitzki, A. (1988). Signal transduction in hormone-dependent adenylate cyclase. Cell Biophys 12, 133-43.		PubMed
[153] Levitzki, A. (1988). Transmembrane signalling to adenylate cyclase in mammalian cells and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Trends Biochem Sci 13, 298-301.		PubMed
[154] Levitzki, A. (1988). From epinephrine to cyclic AMP. Science 241, 800-6.		PubMed
[155] Marbach, I., and Levitzki, A. (1988). Use of electrofocusing for the analysis and purification of turkey erythrocytes beta 1-adrenoceptors. FEBS Lett 233, 186-90.		PubMed
[156] Marbach, I., Shiloach, J., and Levitzki, A. (1988). Gi affects the agonist-binding properties of beta-adrenoceptors in the presence of Gs. Eur J Biochem 172, 239-46.		PubMed
[157] Yaish, P., Gazit, A., Gilon, C., and Levitzki, A. (1988). Blocking of EGF-dependent cell proliferation by EGF receptor kinase inhibitors. Science 242, 933-5.		PubMed

[121] Arad, H., Rosenbusch, J. P., and Levitzki, A. (1984). Stimulatory GTP regulatory unit Ns and the catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase are tightly associated: mechanistic consequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81, 6579-83.		PubMed
[122] Feder, D., Arad, H., Gal, A., Hekman, M., Helmreich, E. J., and Levitzki, A. (1984). Resolution, reconstitution, and mode of action of the beta-adrenergic receptor-dependent adenylate cyclase. Adv Cyclic Nucleotide Protein Phosphorylation Res 17, 61-71.		PubMed
[123] Feder, D., Gal, A., and Levitzki, A. (1984). Hormone dependent adenylate cyclase: Properties and reconstitution. In Highlights in Receptor Chemisty, C. Melchiorre and M. Giannella, eds.: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.), pp. 89-95.		N/A Online
[124] Gal, A., Hekman, M., Feder, D., Helmreich, E. J. M., Pfeuffer, T., and Levitzki, A. (1984). The functional reconstitution of the beta-adrenergic receptor with the components of adenylate cyclase. In Adrenergic Receptors: Molecular Properties and Therapeutic Implications, R. J. Lefkowitz and E. Lindenlaub, eds. (Stuttgart, New York: F.K. Schattauer Verlag), pp. 369-77.		PubMed
[125] Hekman, M., Feder, D., Keenan, A. K., Gal, A., Klein, H. W., Pfeuffer, T., Levitzki, A., and Helmreich, E. J. (1984).Reconstitution of beta-adrenergic receptor with components of adenylate cyclase. Embo J 3, 3339-45.		PubMed
[126] Keshles, O., and Levitzki, A. (1984). The ontogenesis of beta-adrenergic receptors and of adenylate cyclase in the developing rat brain. Biochem Pharmacol 33, 3231-3.		PubMed
[127] Levitzki, A. (1984). Receptor to effector coupling in the receptor-dependent adenylate cyclase system. J Recept Res 4, 399-409.		PubMed
[128] Levitzki, A. (1984). b-adrenergic receptors. In Molecular Biology Approach to the Neurosciences, H. Soreq, ed.: John Wiley and Sons Ltd., pp. 73-5.		N/A Online
[129] Levitzki, A. (1984). Receptors: A Quantitative Approach (Menlo Park, California: Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc).		N/A Online
[130] Levitzki, A. (1984). Where do we stand on receptors today? In Investigation of Membrane-Located Receptors, E. Reid, G. M. W. Cook and D. J. Moore, eds.: Plenum Publishing Corp., pp. 3-6.		N/A Online

[119] Gal, A., Braun, S., Feder, D., and Levitzki, A. (1983). Reconstitution of a functional beta-adrenergic receptor using cholate and a novel method for its functional assay. Eur J Biochem 134, 391-6.		PubMed
[120] Newman, M. E., and Levitzki, A. (1983). Desensitization of normal rat kidney cells to adenosine. Biochem Pharmacol 32, 137-40.		PubMed

Molecular Medicine Israel

Alexander Levitzki, Ph.D Professor Wolfson family professor of Biochemistry

The Weizmann Institute of Science

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Foreign Appointments

Work on signal transduction of G protein coupled adenylyl cyclase and adrenoceptors

Patent Applications

Current Research Activities

Signal Transduction Therapy

Inhibiting the tumor microenvironment

Non-cancer indications

Targeting Polyinosine/Polycytosine to cancers

T cell activation inhibitor

Current Laboratory staff:

Former Laboratory staff:

MMiP

Archive

Weekly NewslEtter

Alexander Levitzki, Ph.D Professor
Wolfson family professor of Biochemistry

[109] Braun, S., Arad, H., and Levitzki, A. (1982). The interaction of Mn2+ with turkey erythrocyte adenylate cyclase.Biochim Biophys Acta 705, 55-62.		PubMed
[110] Braun, S., Tolkovsky, A. M., and Levitzki, A. (1982). Mechanism of control of the turkey erythrocyte beta-adrenoceptor dependent adenylate cyclase by guanyl nucleotides: a minimum model. J Cyclic Nucleotide Res 8, 133-47.		PubMed
[111] Braun, S., Tolkovsky, A. M., Steer, M. L., Lester, H. A., and Levitzki, A. (1982). Activation and inhibition of adenylate cyclase by hormones. Biochem Soc Trans 10, 496-8.		PubMed
[112] Keenan, A. K., Gal, A., and Levitzki, A. (1982). Reconstitution of the turkey erythrocyte adenylate cyclase sensitivity to 1-epinephrine upon re-insertion of the Lubrol solubilized components into phospholipid vesicles. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 105, 615-23.		PubMed
[113] Lester, H. A., Steer, M. L., and Levitzki, A. (1982). Prostaglandin-stimulated GTP hydrolysis associated with activation of adenylate cyclase in human platelet membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 79, 719-23.		PubMed
[114] Levitzki, A. (1982). The mode of coupling of beta-adrenergic receptors to adenylate cyclase. In Topics in Molecular Pharmacology, A. S. V. Burgen and G. C. K. Roberts, eds. (Amsterdam, North Holland: Elsevier), pp. 23-62.		N/A Online
[115] Newman, M., and Levitzki, A. (1982). Characteristics of high-affinity [3H]adenosine binding to rat brain synaptosomes and turkey erythrocyte membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta 685, 129-36.		PubMed
[116] Steer, M. L., Braun, S., Lester, H. A., and Levitzki, A. (1982). Activation and inhibition of human platelet adenylate cyclase byhormones and guanyl nucleotides. J. Cycl. Nucl. Res 8, 309-22.		N/A Online
[117] Steer, M. L., Braun, S., Lester, H. A., and Levitzki, A. (1982). Activation of adenylate cyclase from purified platelet membranes by prostaglandin E1 and its inhibition by L-epinephrine: mechanistic effects. J Cyclic Nucleotide Res 8, 309-22.		PubMed
[118] Tolkovsky, A. M., Braun, S., and Levitzki, A. (1982). Kinetics of interaction between beta-receptors, GTP protein, and the catalytic unit of turkey erythrocyte adenylate cyclase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 79, 213-7.		PubMed

[101] Arad, H., Rimon, G., and Levitzki, A. (1981). The reversal of the Gpp(NH)p-activated state of adenylate cyclase by GTP and hormone is by the “collision coupling” mechanism. J Biol Chem 256, 1593-7.		PDF
[102] Henis, Y. I., and Levitzki, A. (1981). The mechanism of negative cooperativity in rabbit muscle glyceraldehyde- 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Ann N Y Acad Sci 366, 217-36.		PubMed
[103] Levitzki, A. (1981). Negative cooperativity in the insulin receptor: Alexander Levitzki examines the evidence. Nature 289, 442-3.		N/A Online
[104] Levitzki, A. (1981). The beta-adrenergic receptor and its mode of coupling to adenylate cyclase. CRC Crit Rev Biochem 10, 81-112.		PubMed
[105] Levitzki, A., and Atlas, D. (1981). A possible molecular mechanism for beta-receptor desensitization: experiments and hypotheses. Life Sci 28, 661-72.		PubMed
[106] Porath-Furedi, A., and Levitzki, A. (1981). Outward pressure within erythrocytes. Isr J Med Sci 17, 36-40.		PubMed
[107] Tamir, A., Rigbi, M., and Levitzki, A. (1981). The interaction of chlorpromazine and butyrophenones with glutamate dehydrogenase. Biochem Pharmacol 30, 1469-73.		PubMed
[108] Tolkovsky, A. M., and Levitzki, A. (1981). Theories and predictions of models describing sequential interactions between the receptor, the GTP regulatory unit, and the catalytic unit of hormone dependent adenylate cyclases. J Cyclic Nucleotide Res 7, 139-50.		PubMed

[87] Atlas, D., Volsky, D. J., and Levitzki, A. (1980). Lateral mobility of beta-receptors involved in adenylate cyclase activation. Biochim Biophys Acta 597, 64-9.		PubMed
[88] Davies, P. J., Davies, D. R., Levitzki, A., Maxfield, F. R., Milhaud, P., Willingham, M. C., and Pastan, I. H. (1980).Transglutaminase is essential in receptor-mediated endocytosis of alpha 2-macroglobulin and polypeptide hormones.Nature 283, 162-7.		PubMed
[89] Henis, Y. I., and Levitzki, A. (1980). Mechanism of negative cooperativity in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase deduced from ligand competition experiments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 77, 5055-59.		PubMed
[90] Henis, Y. I., and Levitzki, A. (1980). The sequential nature of the negative cooperativity in rabbit muscle glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Eur J Biochem 112, 59-73.		PubMed
[91] Hill, T. L., and Levitzki, A. (1980). Subunit neighbor interactions in enzyme kinetics: half-of-the-sites reactivity in a dimer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 77, 5741-5.		PubMed
[92] Levitzki, A. (1980). GTP-receptor interrelationships in adenylate cyclase systems. Theoretical considerations.Biochim Biophys Acta 628, 419-24.		PubMed
[93] Levitzki, A. (1980). Catecholamine receptors. In Receptors from Hormones and Neurotransmitters, D. Schulster and A. Levitzki, eds. (London: John Wiley & Sons), pp. 267-86.		N/A Online
[94] Levitzki, A. (1980). Quantitative aspects of ligand binding to receptors. In Cellular Receptors for Hormones and Neurotransmitters, D. Schulster and A. Levitzki, eds. (London: John Wiley & Sons), pp. 9-28.		N/A Online
[95] Levitzki, A. (1980). Slow GDP dissociation from the guanyl nucleotide site of turkey erythrocyte membranes is not the rate limiting step in the activation of adenylate cylase by beta-adrenergic receptors. FEBS Lett 115, 9-10.		PubMed
[96] Levitzki, A. (1980). The coupling of receptors to adenylate cyclases [proceedings]. Psychopharmacol Bull 16, 17-9.		PubMed
[97] Levitzki, A., Willingham, M., and Pastan, I. (1980). Evidence for participation of transglutaminase in receptor-mediated endocytosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 77, 2706-10.		PubMed
[98] Rimon, G., Hanski, E., and Levitzki, A. (1980). Temperature dependence of beta receptor, adenosine receptor, and sodium fluoride stimulated adenylate cyclase from turkey erythrocytes. Biochemistry 19, 4451-60.		PubMed
[99] Schulster, D., and Levitzki, A. (1980). Receptors for Hormones and Neurotransmitters , D. Schulster and A. Levitzki, eds.: John Wiley & Sons).		N/A Online
[100] Tolkovsky, A. M., and Levitzki, A. (1980). Molecular models for receptor to adenylate cyclase coupling. In Mathematical Models in Molecular and Cellular Biology, L. A. Segel, ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 111-21.		N/A Online

[79] Arad, H., and Levitzki, A. (1979). The mechanism of partial agonism in the beta-receptor dependent adenylate cyclase of turkey erythrocytes. Mol Pharmacol 16, 749-56.		PubMed
[80] Atlas, D., Hanski, E., and Levitzki, A. (1979). Re-evaluation of the number of specific beta-adrenergic receptors on muscle cells. Nature 277, 58-60.		N/A Online
[81] Braun, S., and Levitzki, A. (1979). Adenosine receptor permanently coupled to turkey erythrocyte adenylate cyclase.Biochemistry 18, 2134-8.		PubMed
[82] Braun, S., and Levitzki, A. (1979). The attenuation of epinephrine-dependent adenylate cyclase by adenosine and the characteristics of the adenosine stimulatory and inhibitory sites. Mol Pharmacol 16, 737-48.		PubMed
[83] Hanski, E., Rimon, G., and Levitzki, A. (1979). Adenylate cyclase activation by the beta-adrenergic receptors as a diffusion-controlled process. Biochemistry 18, 846-53.		PubMed
[84] Henis, Y. I., and Levitzki, A. (1979). Ligand competition curves as a diagnostic tool for delineating the nature of site-site interactions: theory. Eur J Biochem 102, 449-65.		PubMed
[85] Henis, Y. I., Levitzki, A., and Gafni, A. (1979). Evidence for ligand-induced conformational changes in rabbit-muscle glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Eur J Biochem 97, 519-28.		PubMed
[86] Levitzki, A., and Helmreich, E. J. (1979). Hormone-receptor–adenylate cyclase interactions. FEBS Lett 101, 213-9.		PubMed

[68] Atlas, D., and Levitzki, A. (1978) Tentative identification of beta-adrenoreceptor subunts. Nature 272, 370-1.	PubMed
[69] Atlas, D., and Levitzki, A. (1978). Fluorescent visualization of beta-adrenergic receptors on cell surfaces. FEBS Lett 85, 158-62.	PubMed
[70] Bakadjieva, A., Galla, J. J., Helmreich, E. J. M., and Levitzki, A. (1978). The modulation of receptor-adenylate cyclase interactions by membrane fluidization. In Hormones and Cell Regulation, J. Dumont and J. Nunez, eds. (North Holland: Elsevier), pp. 11-27.	N/A Online
[71] Hanski, E., and Levitzki, A. (1978). The absence of desensitization in the beta adrenergic receptors of turkey reticulocytes and erythrocytes and its possible origin. Life Sci 22, 53-60.	PubMed
[72] Levitzki, A. (1978). The mode of coupling of adenylate cyclase to hormone receptors and its modulation by GTP. Biochem Pharmacol 27, 2083-8.	PubMed
[73] Levitzki, A. (1978). Catecholamine receptors. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 82, 1-26.	PubMed
[74] Levitzki, A. (1978). Quantitative aspects of allosteric mechanisms. Mol Biol Biochem Biophys 28, 1-106.	PubMed
[75] Rimon, G., Hanski, E., Braun, S., and Levitzki, A. (1978). Mode of coupling between hormone receptors and adenylate cyclase elucidated by modulation of membrane fluidity. Nature 276, 394-6.	PubMed
[76] Tolkovsky, A. M., and Levitzki, A. (1978). Collision coupling of the b-adrenergic receptor with adenylate cyclase. In Hormones and Cell Regulation, J. Dumont and J. Nunez, eds. (North-Holland: Elsevier), pp. 89-105.	N/A Online
[77] Tolkovsky, A. M., and Levitzki, A. (1978). Coupling of a single adenylate cyclase to two receptors: adenosine and catecholamine.Biochemistry 17, 3811-7.	PubMed
[78] Tolkovsky, A. M., and Levitzki, A. (1978). Mode of coupling between the beta-adrenergic receptor and adenylate cyclase in turkey erythrocytes. Biochemistry 17, 3795.	PubMed

[60] Atlas, D., Hanski, E., and Levitzki, A. (1977). Eighty thousand beta-adrenoreceptors in a single cell. Nature 268, 144-6.	PubMed
[61] Atlas, D., and Levitzki, A. (1977). Probing of beta-adrenergic receptors by novel fluorescent beta- adrenergic blockers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 74, 5290-4.	PubMed
[62] Epstein, M., Reuben, J., and Levitzki, A. (1977). Calcium binding site of trypsin as probed by lanthanides. Biochemistry 16, 2449-57.	PubMed
[63] Hanski, E., Sevilla, N., and Levitzki, A. (1977). The allosteric inhibition by calcium of soluble and partially purified adenylate cyclase from turkey erythrocytes. Eur J Biochem 76, 513-20.	PubMed
[64] Henis, Y. I., and Levitzki, A. (1977). The role of the nicotinamide and adenine subsites in the negative co- operativity of coenzyme binding to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. J Mol Biol 117, 699-716.	PubMed
[65] Levitzki, A. (1977). The role of GTP in the activation of adenylate cyclase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 74, 1154-9.	PubMed
[66] Sevilla, N., and Levitzki, A. (1977). The activation of adenylate cyclase by 1-epinephrine and guanylylimidodiphosphate and its reversal by 1-epinephrine and GTP. FEBS Lett 76, 129-34.	PubMed
[67] Sevilla, N., Tolkovsky, A. M., and Levitzki, A. (1977). Activation of turkey erythrocyte adenylate cyclase by two receptors: adenosine and catecholamines. FEBS Lett 81, 339-41.	PubMed

[48] Atlas, D., and Levitzki, A. (1976). An irreversible blocker for the beta-adrenergic receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 69, 397-403.	PubMed
[49] Atlas, D., Steer, M. L., and Levitzki, A. (1976). Affinity label for beta-adrenergic receptor in turkey erythrocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 73, 1921-5.	PubMed
[50] Henis, Y. I., and Levitzki, A. (1976). An analysis on the slope of Scatchard plots. Eur J Biochem 71, 529-32.	PubMed
[51] Levitzki, A. (1976). Membrane receptor function. In Hormone and Antihormone Action at the Target Cell, J. M. Clark, W. Klee, A. Levitzki and J. Wolff, eds. (Berlin: Dahlem Conferenzen), pp. 79-86.	N/A Online
[52] Levitzki, A. (1976). Catecholamine receptors. In Hormone and Antihormone Action at the Target Cell, J. M. Clark, W. Klee, A. Levitzki and J. Wolff, eds. (Berlin: Dahlem Conferenzen), pp. 187-202.	N/A Online
[53] Levitzki, A. (1976). Characterization of the b-adrenergic receptor and the regulatory control of adenylate cyclase. In Surface Membrane Receptors, R. A. Bradshaw, W. F. Frazier, R. C. Merrell, D. I. Gottlieb and R. A. Hogue-Angeletti, eds. (New York: Plenum Press Publishing Co.), pp. 405-18.	N/A Online
[54] Levitzki, A., and Koshland, D. E., Jr. (1976). The role of negative cooperativity and half-of-the-sites reactivity in enzyme regulation.Curr Top Cell Regul 10, 1-40.	PubMed
[55] Levitzki, A., Sevilla, N., and Steer, M. L. (1976). The regulatory control of beta-receptor dependent adenylate cyclase. J Supramol Struct 4, 405-18.	PubMed
[56] Lifshitz, R., and Levitzki, A. (1976). Identity and properties of the chloride effector binding site in hog pancreatic alpha-amylase.Biochemistry 15, 1987-93.	PubMed
[57] Sevilla, N., Steer, M. L., and Levitzki, A. (1976). Synergistic activation of adenylate cyclase by guanylyl imidophosphate and epinephrine. Biochemistry 15, 3493-9.	PubMed
[58] Steer, M. L., Baldwin, C., and Levitzki, A. (1976). Preparation and characterization of hormone-sensitive, resealed erythrocyte ghosts. J Biol Chem 251, 4930-5.	PDF
[59] Tenenbaum-Bayer, H., and Levitzki, A. (1976). The refolding of lactate dehydrogenase subunits and their assembly to the functional tetramer. Biochim Biophys Acta 445, 261-79.	PubMed

[40] Levitzki, A. (1975). The quantitative aspects of drug-receptor interactions. J Mol Biol 97, 46-53.	PubMed
[41] Levitzki, A. (1975). Subunit interactions in proteins. In Subunit Enzymes: Structure and Function, K. E. Ebner, ed. (New York: Marcel Decker), pp. 1-41.	N/A Online
[42] Levitzki, A., Segel, L. A., and Steer, M. L. (1975). Co-operative response of oligomeric protein receptors coupled to non-co- operative ligand binding. J Mol Biol 91, 125-30.	PubMed
[43] Levitzki, A., Sevilia, N., Atlas, D., and Steer, M. L. (1975). Ligand specificity and characteristics of the beta-adrenergic receptor in turkey erythrocyte plasma membranes. J Mol Biol 97, 35-46.	PubMed
[44] Schlessinger, J., Steinberg, I. Z., and Levitzki, A. (1975). A comparative study of NAD+ binding sites in dehydrogenases by circular polarization of fluorescence. J Mol Biol 91, 523-8.	PubMed
[45] Steer, M. L., Atlas, D., and Levitzki, A. (1975). Inter-relations between beta-adrenergic receptors, adenylate cyclase and calcium. N Engl J Med 292, 409-14.	PubMed
[46] Steer, M. L., and Levitzki, A. (1975). The control of adenylate cyclase by calcium in turkey erythrocyte ghosts. J Biol Chem 250, 2080-4.	PDF
[47] Steer, M. L., and Levitzki, A. (1975). The interaction of catecholamines, Ca2+ and adenylate cyclase in the intact turkey erythrocyte. Arch Biochem Biophys 167, 371-6.	PubMed

[29] Atlas, D., Steer, M. L., and Levitzki, A. (1974). Stereospecific binding of propranolol and catecholamines to the beta- adrenergic receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 71, 4246-8.	PubMed
[30] Epstein, M., Levitzki, A., and Reuben, J. (1974). Binding of lanthanides and of divalent metal ions to porcine trypsin. Biochemistry 13, 1777-82.	PubMed
[31] Koshland, D. E., Jr., and Levitzki, A. (1974). CTP synthetase and related enzymes. In The Enzymes, P. D. Boyer, ed., pp. 539-59.	N/A Online
[32] Levitzki, A. (1974). Half-of-the-sites and all-of-the-sites reactivity in rabbit muscle glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. J Mol Biol 90, 451-68.	PubMed
[33] Levitzki, A. (1974). Negative co-operativity in clustered receptors as a possible basis for membrane action. J Theor Biol 44, 367-72.	PubMed
[34] Levitzki, A., Atlas, D., and Steer, M. L. (1974). The binding characteristics and number of beta-adrenergic receptors on the turkey erythrocyte. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 71, 2773-6.	PubMed
[35] Levitzki, A., and Schlessinger, J. (1974). Cooperativity in associating proteins. Monomer-dimer equilibrium coupled to ligand binding. Biochemistry 13, 5214-9.	PubMed
[36] Levitzki, A., and Steer, M. L. (1974). The allosteric activation of mammalian alpha-amylase by chloride. Eur J Biochem 41, 171-80.	PubMed
[37] Levitzki, A., and Tenenbaum, H. (1974). Dimers as intermediates in the assembly of tetrameric proteins: A study of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes. Israel J. Chem. 12, 327-37.	N/A Online
[38] Schlessinger, J., and Levitzki, A. (1974). Molecular basis of negative co-operativity in rabbit muscle glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. J Mol Biol 82, 547-61.	PubMed
[39] Steer, M. L., Tal, N., and Levitzki, A. (1974). The role of sulfhydryl groups in the action and structure of mammalian -amylase. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 334, 389-97.	PubMed

[26] Levitzki, A. (1973). Ligand induced half-of-the-sites reactivity in rabbit muscle glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 54, 889-93.	PubMed
[27] Levitzki, A., and Reuben, J. (1973). Abortive complexes of -amylases with lanthanides. Biochemistry 12, 41-4.	PubMed
[28] Steer, M. L., and Levitzki, A. (1973). The metal specificity of mammalian -amylase as revealed by enzyme activity and structural probes. FEBS Lett 31, 89-92.	PubMed